Second Empire (1880-1890)

History

Introduced to Canada and the United States from France via England, this style takes its name from the French Second Empire, the reign of Napoleon III (1852-1870). It was commonly used for public buildings, especially those designed by the Federal Department of Public Works, but also for houses and educational institutions. The Roman Catholic church adopted this style for its Convents and schools, using the style well into the 20th century.

Characteristics

  • massing is usually symmetrical
  • larger buildings have projecting blocks or pavilions usually centred but sometimes at the ends
  • the style is best distinguished by the mansard roof which can be straight, convex, concave or a combination
  • nearly all examples have dormer windows, either circular or pedimented
  • moulded window heads are used frequently
  • doors and windows are often round-headed and grouped in pairs
  • high relief decorative detailing can include brackets at the eaves, quoins and belt courses