Romanesque Revival (1885-1905)

History

Originally little more than an offshoot of the Gothic Revival, it was distinguished by the use of typically Romanesque motifs, including the round arch and decorative patterns formed by chevrons and corbels. In its later phase, American architect H.H. Richardson (1828-1886) created his own unique interpretation which became the model for a North American Romanesque-based style.

Characteristics

  • massing can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical
  • façades can be flanked by pyramidal, conical or polygonal towers
  • the round arch is used for nearly all openings
  • arches, quoins and belt courses often relieve rusticated stone finishes
  • in addition to the openings, the semi-circular or round arch is used as decoration to enrich corbel tables along the eaves and at belt courses
  • especially in Richardsonian Romanesque the effect depends upon a robust use of mass and scale rather than decoration
  • Richardsonian Romanesque buildings employ very broad arches, varieties of stone colour, texture and contrasting rhythm
  • in tall buildings, a number of storeys with straight-topped windows may be grouped in enormous arched openings