Pattern Book Barns (1885-1930)

History

By the turn of the century the introduction of new farm machinery, innovative construction techniques and scientific planning greatly altered the appearance of barns. The hay sling (a net-like device on a track mechanism) and the grain auger (a tube in which grain was moved along a rotating turbine), provided an easier, more economical way to move hay and feed around in the barn; these and other innovations permitted new planning options. The introduction of tractors around 1900 led to the decline of the horse as the principal source of farm power, and contributed to the development of barns that were devoted solely to cattle production. Mail-order and lumber companies offered a variety of barn designs and kits which included all materials.

Characteristics

  • two methods of organizing the functions in a barn were popular: the most common was the central alley plan, in which cattle were housed in two long rows flanking a central alley; a more innovative design, based on an octagon, was intended to minimize labour by arranging livestock and loft contents in an efficient radiating plan
  • most barns of this period were of lightweight wood frame construction
  • engineered truss rafters were used to create huge unobstructed loft spaces
  • roof shapes -- the gambrel and the vault -- created even greater loft capacity